The Indian rupee ended lower on Monday, retreating by 23 paise to settle at Rs. 85.73 against the US dollar. A recovery in crude oil prices, coupled with weak domestic equity markets, weighed on the currency after a strong opening. Despite a broadly weaker greenback and improved global risk sentiment, dollar demand towards the month-end and subdued investor confidence constrained the rupee's momentum. Meanwhile, India’s foreign exchange reserves declined by USD 1.01 billion, adding to concerns.