NASA’s Artemis mission aims to explore the Moon’s south pole, a region believed to hold 4-billion-year-old geological secrets that could illuminate the early history of the solar system. Scientists anticipate that the south polar craters, shielded from sunlight, contain ancient rock and ice deposits, potentially preserving a record of the Moon’s formation and Earth-Moon evolution. These discoveries could provide insights into planetary processes, volatile compounds, and the origins of water in the inner solar system.

Recent scientific research suggests that minute oceanic components played a pivotal role in Earth’s first major oxygenation event, known as the Great Oxidation Event (GOE) around 2.4 billion years ago. Trace elements and microorganisms in ancient oceans may have regulated the production and release of oxygen, transforming the planet’s atmosphere and enabling complex life to evolve. Scientists highlight that understanding these mechanisms sheds light on the interplay between geology, chemistry, and biology in shaping Earth’s habitability.

Comet Lemmon, a rare celestial visitor, will be visible from Earth on October 22, offering skywatchers a spectacular astronomical event. Known for its bright coma and long tail, the comet is expected to traverse the night sky in a trajectory visible to the naked eye in certain regions, while telescopes will reveal finer details. Astronomers note that this is a relatively rare opportunity, as Comet Lemmon follows an elongated orbit around the Sun, making close encounters with Earth infrequent.

SpaceX successfully launched the 11th test flight of its Starship vehicle, targeting a mission capable of covering half the globe. The test represents a critical milestone in the development of the company’s fully reusable spacecraft, designed for rapid, long-range global transport and deep space missions. Engineers focused on validating propulsion, guidance, and structural integrity systems under extended flight conditions. Analysts note that the test underscores SpaceX’s ambitions to revolutionize not only space exploration but also point-to-point Earth travel.

Canadian Finance Minister recently met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi to discuss strategies for deepening bilateral economic and trade relations between India and Canada. The discussions focused on investment opportunities, technology collaboration, and sustainable development initiatives, reflecting both countries’ commitment to enhancing strategic partnerships. Officials highlighted the potential for joint ventures in sectors such as clean energy, infrastructure, and innovation-driven industries.

Hero MotoCorp, India’s leading two-wheeler manufacturer, has officially entered the Italian market through a strategic partnership with Pelpi International. The move marks a significant step in the company’s global expansion strategy, targeting Europe’s premium motorcycle and scooter segments. Hero MotoCorp aims to leverage its engineering expertise, innovative product portfolio, and sustainable mobility solutions to capture market share in Italy.

Kolkata’s real estate market recorded an 8% increase in property prices in the third quarter of 2025, according to Knight Frank. The growth is driven by rising demand for residential and premium housing, increased infrastructural development, and steady economic activity in the region. Analysts highlight that both end-users and investors are fueling market momentum, supported by favorable financing conditions and growing urbanization. While affordable housing continues to see moderate growth, premium and mid-segment properties are witnessing the strongest appreciation.

India’s retail inflation slowed to 1.54% in September, reflecting easing price pressures across food, fuel, and core commodities. This moderation comes amid favorable supply conditions, stable energy costs, and subdued demand in certain consumer segments. Analysts suggest that the low inflation rate provides the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) with room to maintain accommodative monetary policies to support economic growth. While food prices contributed to the slowdown, core inflation remains steady, indicating underlying demand conditions are balanced.

The Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) experienced a sharp downturn as rising geopolitical tensions in neighboring Afghanistan unsettled regional markets. Investor sentiment turned cautious, triggering sell-offs across key indices and weighing heavily on major sectors, including banking, energy, and industrial stocks. Analysts attribute the volatility to concerns over cross-border instability, potential economic disruptions, and heightened risk perception among domestic and foreign investors.

Tata AutoComp, a leading automotive component manufacturer, has officially entered the railways sector, marking a strategic diversification beyond its traditional automotive focus. The company plans to leverage its engineering expertise and manufacturing capabilities to supply critical components and solutions for rail transport, including safety systems, electrical assemblies, and modular parts. This move aligns with India’s growing emphasis on modernizing its rail infrastructure and expanding domestic manufacturing.